Laser cutters are powerful tools for precision cutting and engraving, but their versatility comes with risks. Certain materials can release toxic fumes, catch fire, or even damage the machine when exposed to a laser beam. To ensure safety and maintain your equipment’s longevity, never put the following materials in a laser cutter:
PVC releases chlorine gas when cut or engraved with a laser. This toxic gas is harmful to breathe and can corrode the machine’s internal components. Similarly, vinyl products (e.g., adhesive stickers, faux leather) often contain chlorine-based compounds and pose the same dangers.
Thin polycarbonate sheets (under 1mm) may seem safe, but they absorb CO2 laser wavelengths poorly. This causes uneven cutting, melting, or even open flames. Thicker polycarbonate can release toxic fumes containing benzene and other carcinogens.
ABS tends to melt rather than vaporize cleanly, creating messy edges and releasing cyanide gas—a deadly toxin. Its low melting point also increases fire risks.
These composite materials contain resins and fibers that produce toxic fumes (e.g., formaldehyde) when lasered. Additionally, carbon fiber’s conductive properties can reflect the laser beam, damaging optics or electronics.
Coatings, paints, and laminates often contain unknown chemicals. When vaporized, they release toxic byproducts (e.g., heavy metals, VOCs) and leave residue on the machine’s lens or mirrors.
Metals like aluminum, copper, and brass reflect laser beams, which can damage the machine’s optics or even cause the laser to rebound dangerously. While specialized fiber lasers can cut metal, standard CO2 lasers are not designed for this.
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) and polyethylene foam are highly flammable. The concentrated heat of a laser can ignite them, leading to rapid flames and toxic smoke.
Epoxy-based materials (e.g., some plastics, circuit boards) emit toxic fumes containing cyanide and formaldehyde when lasered. They’re also prone to charring and uneven cuts.
Genuine leather can be cut safely in some cases, but it produces a strong, unpleasant odor and requires careful ventilation. Artificial leather (often PVC-based) is especially hazardous due to chlorine content.
While glass can be engraved with low-power settings, cutting it with a laser risks cracking or shattering due to thermal stress. Specialized laser systems with cooling mechanisms are required.
By avoiding these hazardous materials, you protect your health, your workspace, and your laser cutter. When in doubt, consult a professional or stick to trusted, verified materials.
Stay safe, and happy cutting!
